Building information modeling definition

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Below are brief descriptions of the first three levels and an explanation of what criteria is involved at each stage.

Level 0 BIM: paper-based drawings + zero collaboration

Level 0 BIM refers to not operating collaboratively at all. Watch episode one!

Building Information Modeling 101: How It Works, and Key Benefits

What is Building Information Modeling (BIM)?

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a smart, model-based process that helps everyone involved in a building project — from architects and engineers to contractors and facility managers — work together using one shared digital model.

Early detection reduces costly on-site changes and ensures that operational systems are installed correctly from day one.

8. Many firms are at Level 1 BIM, which doesn’t involve much collaboration, and each stakeholder publishes and manages their own data.

Level 2 BIM: teams work in their own 3D models

Level 2 BIM begins to add in a collaborative environment.

BIM enables teams to overlay all discipline models in 3D and run automated clash detection. They bridge the gap by:

  • Converting 2D drawings to BIM models
  • Providing BIM coordination services for contractors who lack in-house capabilities
  • Offering trained BIM personnel on a project basis
  • Managing the CDE and coordination process

For firms not ready to fully commit to BIM internally, outsourcing to specialists provides BIM benefits without the overhead of permanent staff and software licenses.

Level of Development (LOD) defines how much detail a BIM model contains at each project stage.

Integrating BIM with Connected FM solutions (like Facilio) allows organizations to manage assets, monitor performance, and continuously optimize buildings — turning BIM data into real-world building intelligence.

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Not every firm has the resources or expertise to implement BIM internally.

This 2D approach made it very difficult to visualize dimensions and requirements. Changes to the model automatically update quantities and costs, helping project teams make informed decisions about design alternatives and stay within budget.

Asset Management and Facility Management

BIM's value extends beyond construction.

It helps teams collaborate, plan construction, and manage facilities throughout the entire building lifecycle.

2. Governments worldwide are making it mandatory: Singapore's CORENET X requires BIM for building approvals, the Netherlands mandates it for public infrastructure, and Australia requires it for federal projects.

Instead, LOD increases as the project progresses:

For Architects (LOD 100-300): Early design uses simple massing models (LOD 100-200) to study form and spatial relationships. This catches accessibility, fire safety, and structural issues early, slashing approval times.

Tender Preparation: The 3D model generates consistent 2D drawings (plans, sections, elevations) for contractor bidding, eliminating coordination errors in tender documents.

General contractors use BIM to catch problems before construction, optimize schedules, and control costs:

Clash Detection: Consolidating all subcontractor models (MEP, facades, steel) into a Common Data Environment reveals conflicts in the office, not on site.

BIM is no longer optional—it's the baseline for major construction.

The shift extends beyond mandates. As BIM becomes increasingly more sophisticated, 4D, 5D, and even 6D BIM will start to play a part in the process.

More and more, stakeholders are walking through BIM models using augmented and virtual reality. However, the true power of BIM lives in the “I” (information).

A structural beam might clash with an HVAC duct, or electrical conduits might interfere with plumbing pipes.

In 2D workflows, these clashes often go undetected until construction, resulting in costly rework, delays, and change orders. LOD 500 includes facility management data in COBie format—equipment specs, warranties, maintenance schedules, and spare parts—becoming the foundation for operations throughout the building's life.

For a detailed breakdown of each LOD level, see our complete guide to BIM LOD.

Authoring tools create BIM models.

Now, BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the standard— but it is much more than just a 3D model.

BIM objects

BIM objects, the components that make up a BIM model, are intelligent, have geometry, and store data. Centralized data management: All project data is stored in a Common Data Environment (CDE) — a shared repository that synchronizes updates across teams.

As design solidifies, elements gain specific properties—wall assemblies, structural sizes, equipment specs (LOD 300)—enough for coordination but not fabrication.

For Contractors (LOD 350-400): Construction-level models include connecting and interfacing information.

building information modeling definition